COLOR:
Heartwood is yellow after cutting and turns deep pinkish tan to warm reddish brown within weeks due to high resin content. Sapwood remains yellow, with occasional blue-black sap stain.

GRAIN:
Dense, with high figuring. Plainsawn is swirled; rift- or quartersawn is primarily pinstriped. Curly or burl grain is rare.

VARIATIONS WITHIN SPECIES AND GRADES:
Moderate color variation.

ORIGIN:
North America. Often recovered from structural timbers in pre-1900 warehouses and factories, or as sunken logs from river bottoms.

GRADE:
Clear, Select, CW1, CW2.

HARDNESS (JANKA):
1225.

DIMENSIONAL STABILITY:
Values can vary greatly due to the variety of species and ages used.

NAILING:
No known problems.

SANDING:
Tendency to clog paper due to high resin content. Abrasives will need to be changed frequently during sanding. Beginning with a coarse grade may be helpful.Suggested Sequence First Cut: 40 at a 7-15 degree angle with the grain Second Cut: 50 straight with the grain Third Cut: 80 Hard Plate: Not recommended Screen: 80

FINISHING:
May be difficult to stain. To reduce the wood’s tendency to repel finish coats, surface resins may be removed with a 100 percent pure (not recycled) solvent that is compatible with the finish to be used (do not use water).